1 Sample Test (T Test)

A test used to measure the statistical difference of the mean (a.k.a. average) of a continuous (a.k.a. variable or numerical) value to a standard like a goal or target. It is generally used when the distribution for the continuous value is normal, hence the use of the mean. When the distribution is non-normal, the mean may not be valid so the median would be a better measure for central tendency; in those cases, try the 1 Sample Wilcoxon Test or 1 Sample Sign Test.
Related StatStuff Video: 
   -Section 6-Analyze Phase, Lesson #16 - Hypothesis Testing: Central Tendency – Normal (Compare 1:Standard)