Association Test

One of the Chi-Square tests that is used for comparing two or more observed discrete (a.k.a. attribute or categorical) values that don't have a fixed or evenly proportionate set of outcomes. For example, comparing the gender vs. political affiliation for a group of surveyed people; although each group may itself have a fixed set of outcomes (like gender is either male or female), they're not being compared to themselves but to a different factor (political affiliation).
Related StatStuff Video: 
   -Section 6-Analyze Phase, Lesson #15 - Hypothesis Testing: Proportions (Compare 2+ Factors)