Goodness-Of-Fit Test

One of the Chi-Square tests that is used for comparing an observed discrete (a.k.a. attribute or categorical) value with that value's fixed or evenly proportionate set of outcomes. For example, a coin has only two types of outcomes so the expected outcome should be 50:50, or a die has six sides so its expected outcome for each side is 1/6.
Related StatStuff Video: 
   -Section 6-Analyze Phase, Lesson #15 - Hypothesis Testing: Proportions (Compare 2+ Factors)